Demystifying Genetics: Understanding the Science of Inheritance | MSK Online | WHAT IS GENETICS ?

Genetics Information

Genetics Information

Genetic Terminology

Genome: The complete set of genetic material (DNA) of an organism.

Gene: A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or RNA molecule.

Allele: One of the different forms of a gene, occupying the same position (locus) on a chromosome.

Inheritance Patterns

Dominant: A trait or allele that is expressed when present in only one copy.

Recessive: A trait or allele that is expressed only when present in two copies.

Co-dominant: A situation where both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype.

X-linked: Inheritance of a gene located on the X chromosome.

Autosomal Dominant: A pattern of inheritance where a mutation in one copy of the gene is sufficient to cause the disorder.

Autosomal Recessive: A pattern of inheritance where two copies of the gene, one from each parent, are required to cause the disorder.

Genetic Disorders

Down Syndrome: A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the lungs, pancreas, and other organs.

Hemophilia: A genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to control blood clotting.

Huntington's Disease: A progressive brain disorder caused by a mutation in the HTT gene.

Sickle Cell Anemia: A genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to become rigid and misshapen.

Color Blindness: A genetic disorder that affects an individual's ability to perceive colors.

Genetic Engineering

Recombinant DNA: DNA that has been artificially combined from different sources.

CRISPR-Cas9: A powerful gene-editing tool that allows scientists to modify specific genes.

Transgenic Organisms: Organisms that have had genes from another species inserted into their genome.

MSK_SRI KALYAN

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